The chromosome number is variable, with 2n counts of 66, 72, 84, and 120 recorded. Flowering season lasts from mid- to late summer. The flowers are purple, 6–8 mm ( 1⁄ 4– 5⁄ 16 in) long, with a four-lobed corolla about 5 mm ( 3⁄ 16 in) diameter they are produced in whorls (verticillasters) around the stem, forming thick, blunt spikes. The leaves and stems are usually slightly fuzzy. They are dark green with reddish veins, with an acute apex and coarsely toothed margins. The rhizomes are wide-spreading and fleshy, and bear fibrous roots. It is an herbaceous, rhizomatous, perennial plant that grows to be 30–90 cm (12–35 in) tall, with smooth stems, square in cross section. Linnaeus treated Peppermint as a species, but it is now universally agreed to be a hybrid between Mentha viridis and Mentha aquatica with Mentha viridis itself also being a hybrid between Mentha sylvestris and Mentha rotundifolis. It was given the name Mentha piperita in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum Volume 2. The plant was then added to the London Pharmacopoeia under the name Mentha piperitis sapore in 1721. He initially gave it the name Mentha spicis brevioribus et habitioribus, foliis Mentha fusca, sapore fervido piperis and later in his 1704 volume Historia Plantarum he called it Mentha palustris or Peper–Mint. Eales, a discovery which John Ray published 1696 in the second edition of his book Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britannicarum. Peppermint was first identified in Hertfordshire, England by a Dr. Botany Īn 1887 illustration from Köhlers Medicinal Plants haplocalyx are both recognized as plant sources of menthol and menthone, and are among the oldest herbs used for both culinary and medicinal products. While Western peppermint is derived from Mentha × piperita, Chinese peppermint, or bohe, is derived from the fresh leaves of M. Īlthough the genus Mentha comprises more than 25 species, the one in most common use is peppermint. It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. Peppermint ( Mentha × piperita) is a hybrid species of mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint. Mentha × schultzii Boutigny ex F.W.Schultz.Mentha × pimentum Nees ex Bluff & Fingerh.
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